VIM and prostate cancer: Furthermore, inhibition of GPC-1 decreased several markers of prostate cancer aggression, such as MMP-9, E-Cadherin (E-Cad), N-Cadherin (N-Cad), CXCR4, vimentin (VIM), Zeb1 and Zeb238–40, as determined using qRT-PCR (Fig. 4).