KL and atherosclerosis: It functions as a human ageing-suppression molecule and has pleiotropic activities that result in the protection of tissues and organ [23,24] Indeed, previous studies have reported a positive relationship between plasma S-klotho and life span [25], and an inverse association with coronary artery disease [26], atherosclerosis [26], osteoporosis [27], calcinosis, stroke [28], acute and chronic kidney diseases [29], different cancers [30], salt-sensitive hypertension [31] and all-cause mortality [31].