However, several preclinical studies have revealed that radiation therapy may induce anti-tumour immune response through promoting release of neo-antigen from tumour cells.23,25–27 For example, Takeshima and co-workers showed that tumour-inhibitory effect of radiation was almost completely abolished in tumour-bearing mice when CD8-positive T cells were depleted.23 These preclinical results suggest that the immune attack by CD8 + TILs is an important mechanism of anti-tumour effect of radiation therapy. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.