MTOR and malignant glioma: As a proof of concept, the basal activity of autophagy is very low in astrocytomas including GBM from both patients and experimental models, while rescuing autophagy through mTOR inhibition is associated with a reduction of malignant glioma cells growth, proliferation, and invasion in vitro and in vivo [22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32].