HMGB1 and glioblastoma: In fact, activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway by HMGB-1 (High mobility group box 1) leads to autophagy inhibition [166], while administration of autophagy activators in GBM models produces a concomitant STAT3 inhibition, associated with increased GSCs chemo-sensitization, decreased self-renewal and proliferation [134,145,165].