LCN2 and cardiovascular disorder: Some studies have shown high plasma NGAL levels independently predicts all-cause mortality in STEMI patients treated with PCI independent of eGFR[18, 19], but recent research indicates that plasma NGAL levels do not predict mortality and cardiovascular disease risk independent of renal function and eGFR was the main determinant of plasma NGAL in patients with reduced eGFR (<60 ml/min) [20–22].