NFKB1 and colitis: Another phytochemical, xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone from hops(Humulus lupulus), has been shown to inhibit COX andLOX, suppress TNFα pathways, and downregulate NF-κB activation.19, , –22 Ina mouse model, xanthohumol was shown to decrease dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling.23 However, human-subject studies examining the effect of xanthohumol onIBD are lacking and represent a novel area of research.