TNF and cardiac hypertrophy: For instance, caffeoylxanthiazonoside is an active constituent which is isolated from the fruit of the Xanthium strumarium L plant that was shown to have cardioprotective effects on chronic heart failure via inhibition of inflammatory responses in animal models revealing by reduced cardiac hypertrophy and improved systemic ventricle fractional shortening, LVEF and cardiac output associated by suppressing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, decreased level of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in heart tissues, as well as decreased serum LDH and CK levels.18