This predisposition is very rare, therefore we analysed GREM1 mRNA levels across five non-HMPS CRC transcriptional datasets that had been stratified into CMS subtypes [12], and identified significantly higher quantities of GREM1 mRNA in the fibroblast-rich CMS4 subtype compared to CMS1-3 (Figure 1B, Supplementary Figure 1). Here, GREM1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.