Western blotting showed decreased levels of Twist 1 and phosphorylated (p)Twist1 (Fig. 5a, b), as well as decreased p-MEK, p-ERK, p-P38, and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and some key molecules in the MAPK pathway (Fig. 5c, d and Additional file 1: Figure S3a, b) in PCa cells treated with PLCε-shRNA. Here, TWIST1 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.