In order to assess the role of SOD2 rs4880 and GPX1 rs1050450 polymorphisms as risk determinants of BEN and BEN associated tumors, we conducted a genetic study in 207 patients with verified presence of Balkan endemic nephropathy, recruited from three hemodialysis centers in Republic of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and respective 86 healthy controls from endemic areas. Here, GPX1 is linked to Balkan nephropathy.