HSPA5 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: As shown in Figure 2A,B, histamine treatment at 10–100 μM (concentrations that are proved not to be cytotoxic in our system, data not shown) stimulates the expression of both Hsp70 and GRP78 proteins in differentiated NSC-G93A cells under serum starvation, an in vitro condition that closely resembles the growth factors deprivation occurring in motor neurons during ALS.