BMI1 and acute myeloid leukemia: BMI1 is upregulated in multiple tumors including lymphomas (Bea et al., 2001) prostate (Goel et al., 2012), breast (Kim et al., 2004a), colon (Kim et al., 2004b), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (Vonlanthen et al., 2001), as well as in hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (Saudy et al., 2014).