For instance, cigarette smoke exacerbates LPS induced ALI in vivo and EC barrier dysfunction in vitro via increased susceptibility to histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) phosphorylation, which deacetylates MTs and reduces barrier function, thus promulgating ALI (Kratzer et al., 2012; Borgas et al., 2016; Karki et al., 2019). The gene discussed is HDAC6; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.