ACE and renal tubular dysgenesis of genetic origin: In addition to kidney disorders caused by exposure to medications that interfere with RAS during renal development such as ACE inhibitors or AT1 receptor blockers, genetic mutations of the RAS genes in humans leads to renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD), a severe disturbance described by prematurity, anhydramnios, severe hypotension, and neonatanal renal failure (43–45).