PTEN and breast cancer: Aqueous extract of B. javanica increases the level of p53 in breast cancer and cervical cancer cells.47 Thymoquinone increases the level of p53 in cervical cancer cells and up-regulates PTEN in both mRNA and protein level in doxorubicin resistance-breast cancer cells.48,49 Curcumin up-regulates the expression of multiple tumor growth suppressors, including p16/INK4a, p21/WAF1/CIP1, and p27/KIP1; as well as inhibits hyperphosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein.50