TNF and ischemia: Similarly, the expressions of inflammation-related proteins (TLR4, Il-1β, and TNF-α) were significantly upregulated in the retina of the ischemia-injured rats by 5.61, 7.46, and 9.62 folds (p < 0.001), respectively, compared to the uninjured normal rats (Figures 4(g)–4(i)).