TNF and stroke disorder: In contrast to these studies and the research of Kawabori et al. that suggest a role of TREM2 in alleviating the pro-inflammatory response and its beneficial role in stroke outcome, Sieber et al. showed that in the subacute phase after stroke, the transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α was reduced in TREM2 KO mice (73).