IL-1 family members have been widely associated with both the development and progression of inflammatory diseases, and in particular have been linked to neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (2–5), stroke (6), cerebral ischemic cell death (7), Multiple Sclerosis (8, 9), Parkinson's disease (10, 11), Down syndrome (3), and retinal degenerative diseases including Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.