IL1B and age-related macular degeneration: Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine associated with pathogenesis of AMD (63, 92, 249, 250), as well as in a model of ocular toxoplasmosis (251), and has been shown in vitro to be regulated by IL-1β, following IL-1β-dependent activation of the p38 MAPK/NF-kB pathway (252).