Rodent studies investigating the role of IL-1β on DR pathogenesis have also shown IL-1β to be upregulated following STZ-induced diabetes, and significantly reduced following IL-1β inhibition by anti-inflammatory cyclosporin-A administration (150), as well as following a multiple anti-oxidant diet (151) and pituitary adenylase cyclase activating peptide (152). Here, IL1B is linked to diabetes mellitus.