IL1A and retinal degeneration: Although little is known about the IL-1 family members and STGD pathology, the involvement of microglia has been characterized by Kohno et al. in a Abca4/Rdh8 double knockout mouse model, where activation of microglia occurred through the TLR4 signaling pathway (72), and in the same model expressed the chemokine CCL3 (193), a macrophage-inflammatory protein known to be involved in the progression of retinal degeneration (92, 194, 195).