Transcriptome analysis of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells from non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and melanoma patients has identified the altered expression patterns of several transcription factors known to be major regulators of effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation, including Blimp1, Id2, T-bet, and Eomes (65, 161, 162). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.