MAVS and viral infectious disease: For the former, siRNA-mediated knock-down (110, 111), cellular knock-out (112) and inhibition by viral protein (109, 113–116) conditions for TRIM25 in multiple cell types have been shown to change RIG-I cellular localization (110) and to negatively affect RIG-I K63 ubiquitination, association with MAVS and IFN signaling [when the constitutively active RIG-I CARD domain was overexpressed (109, 112–116) or during viral infection (109, 111, 114)].