Consistent with animal studies and human clinical trial data showing that IL-10 promotes CD8+ TIL proliferation (11, 17, 18, 61), addition of IL-10 to in vitro culture of TILs from human lung cancer with IL-2 drastically enhances the quantity and quality of the expanded human TILs and upregulates genes related to several signaling pathways, such TCR signaling, Notch signaling, cell cycle and CTL killing (11). This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and lung cancer.