Few data are available on predictive factors that are detected after HPE; only map-like erythema appearing on the gastric mucosa after HPE has been reported as a risk factor for GC development.(23) In this study, changes in HP and CagA antibody titers and endoscopic atrophy were evaluated to identify post-HPE risk factors for GC. The gene discussed is S100A8; the disease is holoprosencephaly.