Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a relentlessly devastating autoimmune disease that affects more than 10 million children, adolescents and adults worldwide, including an estimated 1.25 million Americans.239 The aberrant autoimmune reprogramming recruits T and B lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells to the pancreatic islets and results in the gradual destruction of insulin‐producing beta cells by inflammation‐driven autophagy and apoptosis.240 The two‐stage process is proposed for the evolution of type 1 diabetes based on studying the microbiome in Finish children. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.