Notably, although 10 nM insulin did not induce glucose uptake in AML-liver cells, co-administration of 10 nM insulin with NPC43 at 3.8 and 7.6 μM, respectively, enhanced glucose uptake to levels slightly higher than those observed with the compound NPC43 alone (Fig. 5c), thus possibly indicating cooperativity between insulin and NPC43 in stimulating glucose uptake in cultured liver cells. Here, INS is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.