While recent reviews have described the role of CCR5 or CCR2 in human pathological conditions [4, 5, 9, 12], this review is focused on the involvement of both receptors in HIV infection, multiple sclerosis (MS), liver fibrosis and associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in which these chemokine axes both represent essential component of the pathological processes. The gene discussed is CCR5; the disease is HIV infectious disease.