Noting that Gal3 suppression did not completely inhibit the amount of NLRP3 in R6/2 microglia (Fig. 8), and NFκB can activate NLRP3 inflammasomes directly55, we cannot rule out the possibility that, in addition to the Gal3-dependent pathway, NFκB might also activate NLRP3 inflammasome directly in a Gal3-independent pathway in HD microglia. Here, NFKB1 is linked to Huntington disease.