CDH1 and lung carcinoma: Similar to our results, studies on the lung cancer A549 cell line showed that RRg3 at concentrations < 50 μg/mL did not inhibit the proliferation of the cells, but, in a stereoselective manner, suppressed TGF-β1-induced EMT, through repressing the Snail expression and inhibiting the activation of Smad and non-Smad (p38 MAPK) signalling pathways, hence inhibiting the E-cadherin expression [52].