TGFB1 and neoplasm: The overall level of immunosuppression has been suggested to be the main factor increasing the risk of posttransplantation malignancy.[7] Data from 1 study suggested that the use of tacrolimus increases the risk of malignancy following solid organ transplantation.[8] Further research showed that tacrolimus has a dose-dependent effect on tumor progression and TGF-beta 1 expression, and this increased expression may be a pathogenetic mechanism underlying tumor progression.[9]