In the murine model of melanoma (B16), the combined delivery led to significantly delayed tumor growth (p < 0.01) and exhibited no significant toxicity (body weight) compared to hydrogel delivery of vaccine (GMCSF + tumor cell lysate) alone or in combination with either anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4, or compared to combined delivery of vaccine and anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 in a solution [135]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is melanoma.