Compared to intratumoral or peritumoral treatment with a combination of anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, treatment with combined PIGF2-PDL1 and PIGF2 led to delayed tumor growth and improved survival in an implantable murine model of melanoma (p < 0.05) and in genetically engineered mouse models of melanoma (p < 0.05) and breast cancer (p < 0.05) [132]. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and melanoma.