TNF and cancer: Cytokines (interleukins [ILs], growth factors, interferons, etc) play an important role in regulating the inflammatory response, and chronic inflammation and are involved in cancer development.3, 4 Chronic inflammation is associated with the release of various mediators (pro‐inflammatory and oncogenic ones), such as reactive nitrogen oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF‐α]), growth factors, and chemokines.4