TGFB1 and neoplasm: Based on their inflammatory activity, cytokines are divided into pro‐inflammatory (IL‐6, IL‐17, IL‐18, TNF‐α, interferon gamma [IFN‐γ], etc) 5 and anti‐inflammatory (Il‐4, IL‐10, IL‐13, etc) ones, whereas several cytokines have a dual role (IL‐10, IL‐22, TGF‐β1).6 Interleukin‐10, an anti‐inflammatory cytokine, has dual functions, being both immune‐suppressive (tumor‐inhibiting) and immune‐stimulating (tumor‐promoting), and may, therefore, influence tumor susceptibility and development.