AIF1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In particular, 5D4‐KSPG expression is increased selectively in a subset of IBA1/CD11b‐positive microglia in the SOD1G93A mouse model and human cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; Hirano et al, 2013; Foyez et al, 2015), and in a Wallerian degeneration mouse model of spinal cord injury (Shinjo et al, 2014), while it decreases in a Guillain–Barré syndrome rat model of experimental autoimmune neuritis (Matsui et al, 2013).