As LCN-2 has been associated with a stage-dependent contribution to atherosclerosis, promoting lipotoxicity within the vasculature in obese states, and causing endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications, it is important to establish whether bone-derived LCN-2 is a key mediator that could be therapeutically targeted (Wang, 2012; Amersfoort et al., 2018). Here, LCN2 is linked to endothelial dysfunction.