HAVCR1 and diabetes mellitus: Various distinct studies have reported that early renal tubular damage biomarker levels (including urinary KIM-1 levels) are elevated in patients with diabetes, even in those with normal albuminuria.14-16 This highlights the importance of use of serum KIM-1 from screening perspective of diabetic patient’s for DN during the “tubular phase” of renal damage even before the development of albuminuria.