We confirmed their anti-inflammatory actions through multiple observations, including their inhibition of phorbol myristate acetate and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production in rat bone marrow macrophages, diabetes-induced TNF-α production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and macrophage infiltration in the kidneys and heart of Zucker diabetic fatty rats. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is diabetes mellitus.