MAPK3 and melanoma: Ciołczyk-Wierzbicka et al. investigated the role of rapamycin (mTOR), everolimus (mTOR), U0126 (ERK1/2), LY294002 (PI3K), CHIR-99021 (GSK-3β) and others in human VGP (WM793) and metastatic (Lu1205) melanoma cells and observed their antiproliferative effects, in view of the crucial role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in melanoma progression [121] (Table 1).