Recently, Chung et al. showed that topical application of PBISe prevented cutaneous melanocytic lesion or melanoma development at 70–80% in reconstructed melanoma skin model and approximately 50% in melanoma tumor xenograft in mice via the downregulation of the activated Akt signaling, and a concomitant activation of ERK1/2 pathway. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and melanoma.