Since melanoma is highly resistant to conventional chemotherapeutics, by investigating the in vitro and in vivo anti-melanoma activity of VS-5584, Shao et al. reported a significant and simultaneous blockade of activated components of Akt/mTOR pathway as well as the downregulation of cyclin D1 expression in melanoma, indicating its utility as a potent PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor [67,84,85,86]. This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CA and melanoma.