The association of higher attention/concentration scores in WLWH using olive oil as their primary cooking oil maintained significance in all four adjusted models as follows: (1) basic model adjusted for practice effect, age, education, race, and reading level (WRAT score), (2) tobacco use, risky alcohol use, marijuana use, hard drug use, Hepatitis C viremia, and PTSD, (3) cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and moderate physical activity, and (4) viral load and CD4 nadir (in WLWH only). Here, CD4 is linked to post-traumatic stress disorder.