Clearly, more research is needed in this area that employs a more robust measurement of immune competency including immune cell phenotypes and their functionality (e.g. their capacity to proliferate, and to produce inflammatory substances), as well as lifestyle measurements (e.g. level of physical activity, nutrition and body composition) while keeping in mind individuals’ immune profiles particularly CMV status (e.g. the IgM class anti-CMV antibodies, PCR assay for CMV and genetic predisposition to CMV infection). This evidence concerns the gene CD40LG and cytomegalovirus infection.