Interestingly, some of the CpGs with discordant results between the two cohorts were within genes or genomic regions that have previously been associated with asthma or are involved in apoptotic signaling, like HK1. For instance, cg04359558 is within the body of LITAF, a gene that encodes a DNA-binding protein that promotes the expression of TNF-α and other cytokines known to be involved in pro-inflammatory and apoptotic signaling [46, 47]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is asthma.