PRKN and Parkinson disease: Based upon previous PD studies10,13–15,17, six PD-associated genes were chosen, including neuroprotective E3 ubiquitin ligases (i.e., parkin and RNF146), parkin substrates (i.e., AIMP2 and PARIS) and Lewy pathology related genes (i.e., c-Abl kinase and α-synuclein).