Clinically, NDM can be divided into three subgroups: (i) transient NDM (TNDM) in which insulin secretion is spontaneously recovered by several months of age (at a median age of 3 month); (ii) permanent NDM (PNDM) requiring lifelong medication; and (iii) PNDM existing as part of a syndrome (syndromic NDM). This evidence concerns the gene INS and neonatal diabetes mellitus.