These differentially methylated mapped to genes including CYC1 (cg605583), GDNF (cg22964888), PTHR20855_SF21 (cg3759161), MYO1B (cg95955381), GNG7 (cg76083105) and LARP1. Similarly, the top ten differentially methylated loci at the late phase of infection were identified by pairwise comparison of E. coli 24 hpc and control samples. The gene discussed is GDNF; the disease is infection.