CDH1 and ovarian carcinoma: Additionally, epigenetic changes may help ovarian cancer cells to escape cell death pathways in response to chemotherapy, via hypermethylation of pro-apoptotic genes, including LOT1 [38], DAPK [39], TMS1/ACS [40] and PAR4. Furthermore, hypermethylation of cell adhesion related genes, such as ICAM-1 [41] and CDH1 [42], in ovarian cancer could also facilitate cell migration and metastasis.