CSF2 and neoplasm: Epigenetic changes, occurring in tumor cells, lead to production and secretion of a large variety of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL-6, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), VEGF, and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), that induce the accumulation of immune and stromal cells with immunosuppressive functions in TME [144,145].