Studies on advanced prostate cancers showed DNA repair pathway mutations in ~23% of patients, with the most frequent alteration being represented by BRCA2 alterations (13% of alterations, 8% of somatic origin, and 5% of germline origin) and ATM alterations (~5%); more rare alterations are observed at the level of BRCA1, RAD51B, RSD51C, FANCA, and CDK12 [67]. The gene discussed is ATM; the disease is prostate cancer.