A phase II clinical trial showed that Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, showed antitumor activity castration-resistant prostate cancer, with 33% of responding patients; interestingly, 88% of the responding patients were positive for alterations of known repair-associated gens (BRCA2 somatic loss, BRCA2 germline mutations, ATM aberrations) [150]. This evidence concerns the gene ATM and Familial prostate cancer.