In line with this conclusion, a recent study showed that the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion was present in 11% of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN): patients positive for TMPRSS2-ERG expression in HGPIN have a higher probability of progression to prostate cancer than TMPRSS2-ERG-negative patients [102]. The gene discussed is TMPRSS2; the disease is prostate cancer.