Genetic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR; 15/58 cases in Japan and 1/61 cases from the USA) and gene rearrangements which result in the fusion of EML4 with ALK generating the fusion protein EML4-ALK (3–7% of NSCLC cases; 6.7% of Japanese cases) are, except in rare cases, mutually exclusive [119]. Here, EGFR is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.