TNF and endometritis: Known for its strong biological activities of entering the bloodstream and promoting the release of pro‐inflammatory mediators such as TNF‐α and IL‐1β, LPS has been widely used as a mimic of Gram‐negative pathogens such as E. coli, to establish animal models of inflammatory disease, including endometritis (Lv, et al., 2015; Jiang, et al., 2018).