Interestingly, tumor‐associated stromal cells/CAFs themselves also expressed PD‐L1 to suppress CD8+ antitumor immune responses in response to the inflammatory secretome from human colon cancer cells, and pre‐inflammatory cytokine TNFα 41 and IL‐1β induced CXCL8/CCL5 secretion in the co‐culture of CAFs and triple negative breast cancers 42, suggesting that the inflammation also regulates the immunological response of CAFs/stromal cells in the TME. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is neoplasm.