INS and metabolic syndrome: Visfatin is thought to have insulin-like effects, particularly those that lower plasma glucose levels.7,18 Also, it has been suggested that visfatin release in fat cells is independently associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.8,18 The abundance of adipose tissue in these patients is responsible for elevated levels of visfatin.18,19 In our study, the mean GCF visfatin level was 11.71 pg in the obese group and 8.81 pg in the nO group.