ESR1 and myopia: In addition to the pathways listed above, a number of other pathways were also implicated in both baseline refractive development and susceptibility to myopia, including GP6 signaling pathway, melatonin signaling, RhoGDI signaling, PTEN signaling, opioid signaling pathway, PPARα/RXRα activation, PI3K/AKT signaling, estrogen receptor signaling, and tight junction signaling.