For example, data suggest that PRG4 has anti-inflammatory effects (e.g. decrease in expression of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix remodelling enzymes, in a CD44 and toll-like receptor 2- and 4-dependent manner) with implications for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout [9–13]. The gene discussed is TLR2; the disease is osteoarthritis.